Activity 3.1 – Human Population




Country Name

Canada

Birth Rate

11

Death Rate

8

Population growth rate (rate of natural increase)

0.3%

Life expectancy for males and females

20 for Male – 22 for Female

Fertility rate

1.5

Gross National Income

45,750




Country Name

Afghanistan

Birth Rate

35

Death Rate

7

Population growth rate (rate of natural increase)

2.8%

Life expectancy for males and females

12 for Male – 14 for Female

Fertility rate

4.8

Gross National Income

2,000


Comparison and contrast of the two countries with one another

Canada and Afghanistan differ in many ways. Their birth rate, here consider as the number of births every 1,000 people in a year, is very different. While Canada has a low birth rate, Afghanistan has a high birth rate. More precisely, Afghanistan's birth rate is 218% higher than the Canadian. However, their death rate is very much alike. In fact, it differs only from 1. This generates many differences between the two country. One has low birth rate and low death rate while the other one has high birth rate but low mortality rate. The consequences are evident in their respective percentage of rate of natural increase. Afghanistan has 833% higher natural increase than Canada. A rate of natural increase, or a population growth is the change in population size. This change is not a fixed number but is measured over time. That because many are the factor that limit the growth and they change as well. (Mutiti, Mutiti, Manoylov, VandeVoort, & Bennett, 2018).  Canada and Afghanistan differ also for life expectancy. Life expectancy in Canada is 67% higher for man and 57% for women than in Afghanistan. A total fertility rate is “the number of children born to each woman in a population, over the woman’s lifespan” (Mutiti, Mutiti, Manoylov, VandeVoort, & Bennett, 2018).  The fertility rate in Afghanistan is 220% higher than the total fertility rate in Canada. The difference is due to several factor like healthcare, education, economic conditions, culture, and religion of the Country. Lastly, Canada and Afghanistan differ in gross national income, that considerate the purchasing power parity divided by the population. Afghanistan has -96% of gross national income when compared with Canada.

Comparison of the two countries to the WORLD

Canada and Afghanistan also differ from the rest of the world. While Canada is considered a more developed country, Afghanistan is considered a less developed country, if not one of the least developed. The difference in birth rate between Canada and the world more developed countries is only a 10% where Canada has the higher birth rate. At the same time, Afghanistan has 6% higher birth rate than other least developed countries. Also, Canada has a mortality rate that is 25% lower than the rest of the world developed country while Afghanistan has a 14% lower mortality rate than the least developed countries. Looking also at the population growth rate, it is evident that Canada has a higher population grow rate than more developed countries. In fact, they have a 0.0% grow rate while Canada has a 0.3% grow rate. One of the reasons why the population grows is because there are still enough food and resources in the environment. However, when the resources are in short supply and the population density is high, the population stop growing and the environment reach the carrying capacity. The carrying capacity is “the maximum population size that can be supported by the environment (Mutiti, Mutiti, Manoylov, VandeVoort, & Bennett, 2018). So, most of the higher developed countries have already reached their carrying capacity, but not Canada. On the contrary, Afghanistan has 11% higher grow rate than the world least developed countries. Also, Canada has 11% higher male life expectancy and 5% female life expectancy if compared with others developed countries. While Afghanistan has -14% male life expectancy and a -7% female life expectancy compared to other least developed country. Canada has -6% lower fertility rate than the world more developed countries and Afghanistan has 14% higher fertility rate than the world least developed countries. Furthermore, Canada has a gross national income (GNI) higher of 5% when compare to more develop countries and Afghanistan has a GNI -%12 lower when compared to others less developed countries.


Resources
Population Reference Bureau. (2018). 2018 world population data sheet. Retrieved from https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2018_WPDS.pdf 

 U.S. Census Bureau. (2018). International database. International Programs. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/informationGateway.php 

 Mutiti, S., Mutiti, C., Manoylov, K., VandeVoort, A., & Bennett, D. (2018). Introduction to environmental science (3rd ed.). Biological Science Open Textbooks. University System of Georgia.


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